Respiratory diseases are one of the most common health problems in horses. They range from acute coughing and allergic reactions to chronic conditions such as COB (chronic obstructive bronchitis) or equine asthma.
They are often triggered by a combination of poor husbandry (e.g. dust, ammonia, poor ventilation), untreated infections, allergies, viruses, bacteria and genetic predisposition.
Healthy airways are lined with cilia that remove dust and pollutants. In the event of disease or irritation, this mechanism becomes unbalanced, mucus production increases and removal is disrupted, resulting in thick mucus and breathing problems. If not treated early, chronic damage may occur.
Respiratory diseases occur relatively frequently in horses. The symptoms and causes are varied and should be clarified individually by a vet. The following information does not replace a diagnosis:
- Acute respiratory symptoms: Can be triggered by pathogens or environmental stimuli, among other things. Possible signs: Cough, nasal discharge, fatigue, possibly fever.
- Chronic respiratory stress (e.g. from the asthma spectrum): Often manifested by recurrent coughing, difficult breathing and reduced willingness to perform; possible triggers are dust or an unfavourable stable climate.
- IAD (inflammatory airway disease): Can be characterised by occasional coughing, slight nasal discharge and fluctuating form, especially in younger horses.
- Possible risk factors: Dusty feed, inadequate ventilation, sudden changes in weather, stress and transport.
Possible measuresThe appropriate treatment depends on the veterinary diagnosis. This often includes the optimisation of husbandry and feeding as well as coordinated treatment. Inhalation therapy can - after consultation with your vet - be considered as a supplementary option to support the respiratory tract.
Deep inhalation means that the inhaled medication is effective in the deepest regions of the lungs. It is particularly important for chronic or deep-seated respiratory diseases. A good inhaler - such as one with cold nebulisation and a suitable mask - can specifically support this effect.